The war in Ukraine is significantly impacting the MENA region, particularly in terms of food security and geopolitical relations. Countries like Egypt, Lebanon, and Tunisia, which heavily rely on grain imports from Ukraine and Russia, face severe economic and social challenges due to disrupted supply chains and rising food prices. This situation could lead to social unrest similar to past incidents triggered by food price hikes. Meanwhile, Gulf countries are navigating the geopolitical landscape by maintaining neutrality and diversifying their energy partnerships, with Qatar emerging as a key player in LNG supply to Europe. The article suggests that MENA countries should focus on achieving food sovereignty and investing in clean energy to mitigate future crises.

Gulf Cooperation Council states are positioning themselves as leaders in the emerging hydrogen economy, leveraging their advantages in solar power generation, industrial capacity, and storage options for carbon sequestration. With ambitious projects like Saudi Arabia's NEOM megaproject, the region aims to generate significant revenues from green hydrogen by 2050. Hydrogen diplomacy is growing, with GCC states building relations with Asian markets, particularly China, Japan, and South Korea. The development of hydrogen infrastructure, including tanker-based transportation, is key to maintaining the Gulf's status as a major energy producer and exporter, while also reflecting new geopolitical dynamics.

The COP28 climate talks in the UAE highlight the region's efforts to position itself as a bridge between the Global North and South, focusing on climate finance, mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage. The UAE aims to leverage its role to maintain its status in energy exports and technology. However, concerns about greenwashing and the influence of oil and gas companies persist. The UAE's approach to climate activism and human rights has drawn criticism from Amnesty International. The conference also underscores shifting geopolitical alliances in the Gulf, with increased cooperation among Gulf states and new partnerships with countries like India and France in renewable energy and climate initiatives.

North Africa faces severe water scarcity exacerbated by climate change, rapid population growth, and urbanization. The region's water infrastructure, including traditional and modern systems, is under stress due to declining rainfall and increasing droughts. Agriculture, a major water consumer and economic sector, is particularly vulnerable. Sustainable irrigation practices and traditional water management techniques offer potential solutions. Urbanization presents both challenges and opportunities for water efficiency. Regional cooperation on transnational aquifers is crucial but often hindered by political tensions. A multilevel approach addressing local, national, and regional needs is essential for effective water management.