Frank, a geologist from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, spends his free time exploring the Serra Gaúcha range in search of undocumented caves known only to locals. He employs a methodical approach, engaging with residents to gather information about potential cave locations. Frank's interest lies in a peculiar type of cave formed at the intersection of rhyolite and basalt layers, the origins of which are still a mystery to him. In addition to these caves, Frank is also a leading expert on paleoburrows, ancient burrows created by extinct giant ground sloths and armadillos. Despite some unsuccessful expeditions, Frank's passion for speleology drives him to continue his search, contributing to the scientific understanding of the region's geological features.

Shenandoah Valley Organic (SVO) is revitalizing the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley by contracting with farmers who own older barns that larger companies consider obsolete. Founded by Corwin Heatwole, SVO offers farmers more independence and profitability compared to conventional integrators. The company's growth has positively impacted local farmers, allowing them to avoid costly upgrades mandated by larger integrators and to continue generating revenue from their existing infrastructure. SVO's success is attributed to its business model, which includes processing its own organic chickens and offering better net earnings for growers. The company's approach supports the sustainability of generational family farms and has been well-received by the farming community.

The article explores the selective memory in the histories of Brazil and the United States, focusing on the cultural traditions of perpetrating and disremembering acts of racial violence. It recounts the betrayal and massacre of Black soldiers, known as the Black Ragamuffins, during the Ragamuffin War in Brazil, and parallels this with the forgotten history of Charlotte Harris, an African-American woman lynched in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The author reflects on the ongoing issues of racial inequality and the incomplete and biased recording of history in both countries, highlighting the need for a more honest and complete historical narrative.

A purple martin tagged with a geolocator provided the first detailed data on the species' migratory journey, leading to a decade of advancements in ornithological research. Technologies like geolocators, GPS tags, Motus, and the upcoming ICARUS initiative on the International Space Station have enabled scientists to gain a deeper understanding of songbird migration patterns and the factors affecting their survival. This research is crucial as half of North America's migratory songbird species are declining at alarming rates. The data gathered is rewriting textbooks and informing conservation strategies to protect these birds.

The article discusses the upcoming 6th annual World Bicycle Forum, which is set to take place in Mexico and is recognized as the largest global citizen cycling event. The forum is highlighted as a part of the burgeoning pro-cycling movement in Latin America, which notably started in response to a serious road rage incident in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The journalist has spoken with activists to gain insight into the changes and developments in pro-cycling efforts in Brazil and other Latin American countries.

The article discusses the complexities of avian taxonomy through the case of the Striolated Puffbird, which was proposed to be split into three distinct species by ornithologist Bret Whitney after he noticed vocal differences in the species across the Amazon. The South American Classification Committee (SACC) partially endorsed Whitney's proposal, creating a new species called Nystalus obamai but leaving two other populations as subspecies. The article highlights the challenges in defining species, the impact of technology on taxonomy, and the debates over naming conventions within the ornithological community. It also touches on the differences between taxonomic committees like the SACC and the International Ornithological Congress (IOC), particularly in their approach to hyphenation and orthography. The article underscores the ongoing nature of species classification and the certainty of future changes in the field.

Modern Farmer imagines a World Cup of Farming, comparing the agricultural prowess of countries participating in the soccer World Cup. Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, the United States, Australia, Cameroon, and Honduras are evaluated based on their soccer rankings and farming outputs, such as coffee, sugar, soybeans, flowers, olive oil, wine, cork, wool, cocoa, and coffee. The article provides hypothetical rankings for each country's agricultural performance, with the United States receiving the highest farm ranking.