A study by Peru's National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (Reniec) indicates that births in Peru have decreased by more than 57% from 2012 to 2021. The decline is attributed to a decrease in marriages and a voluntary reduction in birth rates, as couples have greater access to and willingness to use contraceptive methods.

Peruvian justice is delaying the decision to initiate a trial against former President Alberto Fujimori for forced sterilizations of over 270,000 women and 24,000 men, predominantly indigenous and from rural areas, as part of a family planning program. The case has been dismissed and reopened multiple times, with victims protesting the lack of attention from the justice system and five governments. Meanwhile, President Pedro Castillo, elected in July, faces political instability and opposition from the right and economic groups. His 100 days in power have been marked by economic recession and conflicts with Congress and allies from Perú Libre. Indigenous environmental defenders in Lima accuse the Peruvian state of abandonment, persecution, and failing to protect them despite their role in combating climate change.