Blast fishing, using explosives to catch fish, is threatening marine life and tourism in Sri Lanka's Pigeon Island National Park. The practice damages coral reefs and could harm tourists, with explosives like TNT, C4, and gelignite being used. Despite efforts by the Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Sri Lankan Navy to curb the practice, challenges persist due to the economic crisis and fuel shortages. The Navy is also preoccupied with preventing migration to India. Local fishers in Mannar are primarily responsible for blast fishing, driven by easy access to explosives rather than poverty. A global review indicates that blast fishers tend to be wealthier than traditional fishers.

Sri Lanka is emerging as a significant hub for the smuggling of star tortoises, a species native to India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan, and the most trafficked tortoise in the illegal pet trade. Operation Dragon, a covert operation by the Wildlife Justice Commission from 2016 to 2019, revealed criminal networks across South and Southeast Asia and led to multiple arrests. Sri Lankan authorities have intercepted several large shipments of star tortoises, indicating the country's role as both a transit and source location. Despite seizures and arrests, there is concern that fines and penalties are insufficient to deter the trade. The Indian star tortoise is now listed under CITES Appendix I, banning international trade, but enforcement and consumer awareness are crucial to combat the illegal market.

A newly identified shorebird species, named the Hanuman plover, has been discovered in Sri Lanka and South India. The bird, scientifically categorized as Charadrius seebohmi, was previously thought to be a subspecies of the Kentish plover. Genetic and phenotypic analyses confirmed its distinct status, diverging approximately 1.19 million years ago. The research, led by Sampath Seneviratne and involving international collaboration, highlights the importance of recognizing and conserving unique species, especially in regions with high endemism like Sri Lanka.

A new shorebird species, the Hanuman plover, has been identified in Sri Lanka, named after the ape god Hanuman from the Ramayana. The bird, scientifically categorized as Charadrius seebohmi, was previously thought to be a subspecies of the Kentish plover. Genetic analysis confirmed it as a distinct species, diverging approximately 1.19 million years ago. The research, led by Sampath Seneviratne and involving international collaboration, underscores the importance of focused conservation efforts for endemic species in Sri Lanka.

In southern Sri Lanka, increased flooding due to climate change has intensified human-crocodile conflicts, particularly along the Nilwala River. Crocodiles, displaced by floodwaters, often end up in human settlements, posing significant risks to residents. Experts like Priyanath Sanjeewa and Anslem de Silva highlight the behavioral patterns of crocodiles during floods, noting their tendency to seek calmer waters and the potential for nests to be destroyed. Social activist Malindu Gajadeera emphasizes the growing fear among villagers, who now avoid the river due to the increased presence of crocodiles. The article underscores the broader impact of climate change on wildlife and human communities.

Malaka Rodrigo, a journalist, has written a series of articles focusing on various environmental and wildlife issues in Sri Lanka. Topics range from the challenges of managing wild elephants, the first systematic study of fireflies, and the mistaken 'rescue' of leopard cubs, to the impact of the annual Adam's Peak pilgrimage on biodiversity. Rodrigo also covers research on mushrooms, the effects of a heatwave, and the controversy over Sri Lanka's bid for compensation for the X-Press Pearl disaster. Other articles discuss the proposal to export macaques, the restoration of ancient irrigation tanks, a newly described leafless orchid, the importance of seagrass, and the need for a lasting solution to human-elephant conflict. The plight of Sri Lanka's birds, a university's carbon-neutral goal, the impact of shipping lanes on blue whales, new species discoveries, and the consequences of fuel shortages on wildlife conservation are also highlighted.

Agbo, a majestic wild tusker in Sri Lanka, suffered severe injuries from a trap gun, leading to a complex and prolonged treatment process by the Department of Wildlife Conservation. Despite showing signs of recovery, Agbo's habituation to humans during treatment has led to new challenges, including crop raiding and increased human-elephant conflict. The case highlights the broader issues of managing wild elephants in Sri Lanka, where illegal hunting methods like trap guns, snares, and jaw bombs pose significant threats to wildlife. The article underscores the difficulties in finding sustainable solutions to these conflicts, as evidenced by the high number of elephant and human deaths in recent years.

Blast fishing in Sri Lanka, particularly around Pigeon Island National Park, poses a significant threat to marine life and tourism. The practice, driven by easy access to explosives often smuggled from India, indiscriminately kills marine creatures and damages coral reefs. Despite efforts by the Sri Lankan Navy and the Department of Wildlife Conservation to curb this illegal activity, enforcement is hampered by economic challenges and political interventions. Experts call for increased vigilance and intelligence gathering to address the issue, which has become a national concern.

Researcher Ashani Arulananthan and her team have catalogued the rich coral biodiversity in Sri Lanka's Jaffna Peninsula, identifying 113 species of hard corals, including 36 previously unrecorded in the country. The study highlights the resilience of these corals to climate change but also notes threats from pollution and fishing activities. Efforts to raise awareness among local fishing communities and students about the ecological importance of corals are ongoing. Despite the challenges posed by past conflicts and current funding limitations, the findings are seen as crucial for future coral conservation and management strategies.

Sri Lanka faces significant crop damage from wild animals, with losses estimated at 30,215 million Sri Lankan rupees ($87.5 million) in the first half of 2022. The toque macaque, wild boar, elephant, peafowl, giant squirrel, and porcupine are the primary culprits, affecting key crops like coconuts, paddy, vegetables, corn, and bananas. Experts recommend a data-driven, science-based approach to manage the problem, considering population control and habitat enrichment. Cultural and religious factors complicate potential solutions, and the government is exploring non-lethal methods such as sterilization. The issue exacerbates Sri Lanka's ongoing food crisis, necessitating urgent and effective interventions.

Researchers in Sri Lanka have made significant discoveries about the country's firefly species, including the re-recording of Luciola nicolleri after 100 years and the identification of Curtos costipennis. The study highlights the importance of conservation efforts, noting that fireflies prefer terrestrial grassland habitats and are affected by light pollution and pesticide use. Enthusiasts like Shashi Prabath are also contributing to the study and rearing of fireflies. The publication of the book 'Fireflies of Sri Lanka' marks a significant step in documenting and popularizing firefly research in the country. Firefly tourism is suggested as a potential avenue for conservation and public engagement.

Sri Lanka's main zoo is facing a severe food shortage for its 4,500 animals due to the country's economic crisis, which has caused food prices to surge by nearly 60%. The Department of National Zoological Gardens is considering measures such as releasing some animals and finding alternative food sources. The zoo's revenue has plummeted due to reduced tourism and government funding cuts. The Ministry of Agriculture is demanding the zoo settle a significant outstanding amount for animal feed. The zoo is exploring local food alternatives and increasing its own cultivation efforts. International assistance from organizations like Four Paws is being considered, and a domestic outreach plan for donations and sponsorships is in place.

The Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka (FOGSL) encourages people to connect with nature by observing birds in their home gardens as part of the Garden Birds and Biodiversity Watch 2023 (GBBW 2023) initiative. This citizen science program aims to document common bird species and their changes over time. Prominent figures like Prof Nihal Dayawansa, Prof Sarath Kotagama, and Jagath Gunawardana highlight the importance of such observations for scientific research and biodiversity conservation. The initiative also seeks to engage young people, who are often preoccupied with electronic devices, in nature-related activities.

The annual pilgrimage to Adam’s Peak in Sri Lanka has resulted in significant environmental pollution, with volunteers collecting over 300 kilograms of non-biodegradable waste in a single day. The Young Zoologists’ Association and other groups are actively involved in cleanup efforts, but the increasing volume of garbage poses a challenge. The pilgrimage season also sees the introduction of human food and polythene into the ecosystem, affecting local biodiversity and waterways. Additionally, the practice of offering the endangered ran dothalu flower at the summit is threatening its survival. Despite awareness campaigns, public response remains poor, and illegal constructions along the pilgrimage route further exacerbate environmental degradation.

Sri Lanka is facing a debate on wildlife exploitation due to a Chinese company's request to import 100,000 toque macaques, which are causing significant crop damage and human-animal conflicts. The agriculture minister, Mahinda Amaraweera, stated the macaques would be exported for Chinese zoos, but animal rights activists fear they may be used for medical research or meat consumption. The Chinese embassy in Sri Lanka denied any government involvement in the import request. Wolfgang Dittus of the Smithsonian Institution questioned the estimated macaque population numbers, while a study by Jennifer Pastorini suggests a widespread distribution of the species. The IUCN lists the toque macaque as endangered, while the Sri Lanka National Red List categorizes it as vulnerable. Experts and environmentalists argue against exporting monkeys, advocating for nonlethal conflict reduction methods. Local farmers, however, support the export proposal due to the hardships caused by the macaques. The Sri Lankan government is considering various population control methods, but culling is unlikely due to cultural reverence for life.

Sri Lanka is experiencing an unusually severe heat wave, with temperatures rising to about 36 degrees Celsius, prompting the Department of Meteorology to issue heat warnings. Experts attribute the increased heat stress to climate change, which is causing more warm nights and higher average temperatures. Urban areas like Colombo are particularly affected due to the heat island effect. The heat wave also poses risks to biodiversity, with smaller animals and corals being especially vulnerable. Experts call for strategic urban planning and more research to mitigate and understand the impacts of climate change.

Recent discoveries of mushrooms in Sri Lanka, driven by both amateur enthusiasts and professional scientists, have led to the identification of new species such as Termitomyces srilankensis and Crepidotus striatus. The collaboration between local amateurs and scientists like Aseni Ediriweera and Samantha Karunarathna has been crucial in these findings. Despite challenges such as limited resources and barriers to research, efforts continue to document and preserve the country's rich fungal biodiversity. The establishment of a national fungarium is proposed to safeguard these species for future generations.

Sri Lanka is facing increasing human-animal conflicts due to crop raids by wild animals, particularly toque macaques. A Chinese company's request to import 100,000 macaques has sparked controversy, with environmentalists fearing misuse for medical research or meat consumption. The Chinese Embassy denied government involvement, while Agriculture Minister Mahinda Amaraweera considers the export as a population control measure. Experts argue for non-lethal conflict reduction methods, and local farmers support the export to mitigate crop damage. The conservation status of the toque macaque is debated, with calls for more detailed population studies.

The Sri Lankan government has filed a lawsuit in Singapore seeking compensation for the environmental damage caused by the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster. Activists criticize the delayed action, arguing that filing the lawsuit locally would have been more effective. The disaster, which involved the sinking of a ship carrying plastic pellets and toxic chemicals, is considered the worst in Sri Lanka's history. Experts continue to monitor the long-term environmental impacts, while legal and maritime experts debate the best jurisdiction for the lawsuit. The case highlights the need for Sri Lanka to develop a clear maritime policy to handle future incidents.

On the first day of the new school term at Sujatha Vidyalaya in Matara, students discovered two baby Red-vented Bulbuls in their classroom. While one fledgling flew away, the other was later reunited with its family. During the breeding season, many young birds may fall from nests, and experts like Dr. Suhada Jayawardane and Prof. Sarath Kotagama advise placing them in a safe location to reunite with parents or providing care if necessary. Rukmal Rathnayake emphasizes the importance of proper diet based on species and warns against feeding milk to birds.

Sri Lanka faces increasing human-animal conflicts, particularly with toque macaques causing significant crop damage. A Chinese company's request to import 100,000 macaques has sparked controversy, with animal rights activists fearing misuse for medical research or consumption. The Chinese Embassy denied government involvement, while Sri Lanka's Agriculture Minister sees the proposal as a population control measure. Experts argue for non-lethal conflict resolution methods, and local farmers support the export to alleviate crop damage. The debate highlights the need for a strategic approach to wildlife management in Sri Lanka.

The Sinharaja Biosphere Reserve in Sri Lanka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is home to a newly discovered leafless orchid named Gastrodia pushparaga, after the local yellow sapphire gem. The orchid was found by Amila Perera of Dilmah Conservation and identified by Bhathiya Gopallawa from the University of Peradeniya. The discovery highlights the importance of fragmented forest patches and the need for conservation efforts to link these areas. The orchid's unique characteristics and its vulnerability due to habitat fragmentation underscore the significance of ongoing ecological restoration projects.

An elephant known as 'Panu kota' from Sinharaja forest appeared near villages in Neluwa on March 13, prompting wildlife officers from the Sinharaja and Udawalawe ranges to intervene and prevent confrontations with villagers. The officers tracked the elephant through difficult conditions and successfully returned it to the wild after a five-day operation. Sinharaja is home to two male elephants that migrate annually through the area, and despite past conflicts and attempts at translocation, they remain as important symbols of the region's biodiversity.

An elephant known as 'Panu kota' from Sinharaja forest appeared near Neluwa villages, prompting wildlife officers to prevent confrontations with locals. The elephant, first seen on March 13, was followed by officers from Sinharaja and Udawalawe ranges through difficult conditions to ensure its safe return to the wild after five days. Sinharaja is home to two male elephants, believed to be siblings in their fifties, who annually migrate through the area. Efforts to translocate them have been halted due to their significance to the region's biodiversity. Historically, Sri Lanka's wet zone had many elephants, but numbers dwindled due to hunting and capture for labor during colonial times.

The southern coasts of Sri Lanka have seen a resurgence of nesting turtles, highlighted by the rare birth of leatherback turtles in Matara. The Wildlife Conservation Department's Mirissa office has been instrumental in protecting and hatching these eggs. Despite threats from poachers and predators, the department has successfully released thousands of baby turtles into the sea. The Turtle Conservation Project emphasizes the need for regulated hatcheries to ensure the survival of these endangered species.

Piladuwa, a hamlet in Matara, faces increased risks from crocodiles during the mating season, particularly from the salt-water crocodile species. A 14.5 ft male crocodile was recently captured and relocated by the Department of Wildlife Conservation, but residents remain concerned as new crocodiles quickly take over vacated territories. The Nilwala River, a hotspot for human-crocodile conflicts, has seen several fatal incidents. Experts emphasize the importance of safety measures and the natural behavior of crocodiles during breeding season, which includes long-distance migrations and increased territorial aggression.

Sri Lanka has welcomed a new United Nations treaty aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The treaty, which awaits adoption by UN member-states, will establish marine protected areas on the high seas and includes provisions for fair sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources. It also mandates Environmental Impact Assessments for certain high seas activities. The treaty represents a significant step forward in marine biodiversity conservation, although its implementation will take years.

A leopard cub found in a toilet at Yullifield Estate in Hatton was successfully reunited with its mother after three days, thanks to the efforts of the Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society. The cub, a healthy 4-month-old female, was initially transported to a wildlife veterinary unit and later placed in a cage near the original location. Camera traps captured the mother reuniting with the cub, bringing joy to the conservation team involved.

Seagrass meadows in Sri Lanka and other countries are crucial for supporting diverse marine life and local fishing communities. Despite their ecological importance, seagrass habitats face threats from illegal fishing, industrial runoff, and development projects. Conservationists emphasize the need for strategic environmental assessments to protect these ecosystems. The United Nations has recognized the significance of seagrass by adopting World Seagrass Day, thanks to efforts from Sri Lanka and global environmental organizations. However, conflicting interests among stakeholders pose challenges to effective conservation.

A whale shark entangled in a fishing net at Nawakkadu beach in Puttalam, Sri Lanka, was rescued and released back into the ocean with the help of local fisherfolk, the Puttalam Wildlife Department, and the Sri Lanka Navy. The whale shark, approximately 38 feet long and over 4000 kg, was successfully returned to deeper waters after several hours. Whale sharks are a protected species in Sri Lanka since 2015 and are known to be the world's largest fish. Experts emphasize the importance of research on whale shark movements in Sri Lankan waters, citing a successful study program in the Maldives.

The X-Press Pearl, a Singapore-flagged container ship, sank off Sri Lanka's coast in May 2021, causing the country's worst maritime disaster. Salvage operations have been ongoing, with the aft section recently lifted. The incident resulted in significant environmental damage, including the world's worst nurdle spill. The Marine Environmental Prevention Authority (MEPA) has prepared detailed reports to support a compensation claim, which must be filed within two years. A new study highlights elevated nitrate levels and the presence of harmful biotoxins near the wreck, indicating severe impacts on water quality and marine life. Experts debate whether the legal case should be filed in Sri Lanka or Singapore.

The issue of elephants foraging in open garbage dumps in Sri Lanka has been highlighted by Leonardo DiCaprio, drawing global attention. Local conservationists attribute the problem to poor waste management and politically motivated planning. Elephants feeding on garbage face risks from food poisoning rather than plastic ingestion. Efforts to manage waste near wildlife habitats have been inadequate, leading to increased human-elephant conflicts when dumps are closed. Experts suggest better waste management practices to mitigate these conflicts and protect both elephants and human communities.

The human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Sri Lanka, particularly in the North Central province, has reached a record toll, with significant fatalities among both humans and elephants. The conflict is exacerbated by expanding human settlements into elephant habitats, leading to increased encounters and fatalities. Efforts to mitigate the conflict include a National Action Plan initiated by former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and recently directed for implementation by President Ranil Wickremesinghe. The plan emphasizes community-managed electric fences and coordinated efforts among various government departments. However, Sri Lanka's ongoing economic crisis poses challenges to funding and implementing these measures effectively.

Sri Lanka's newly updated National Red List reveals a concerning trend for the country's endemic bird species, with 20 out of 34 now threatened. Habitat loss, forest degradation, and climate change are major factors driving this decline. Experts emphasize the need for targeted conservation plans and long-term monitoring to address these challenges. The report highlights disparities between national and global conservation statuses, underscoring the importance of localized data. Key species at risk include the yellow-eared bulbul, Sri Lanka whistling thrush, dull-blue flycatcher, and Sri Lanka bush warbler, which face significant habitat reduction due to climate change.

Sri Lanka's President Ranil Wickremesinghe launched the Climate Prosperity Plan at COP27, aiming to secure $26.53 billion for renewable energy projects and climate adaptation by 2030. The plan seeks international funding and includes a proposal for a global university on climate change. Wickremesinghe also addressed global food security issues, proposing a meeting of agriculture ministers. The article highlights Sri Lanka's vulnerability to climate change and the need for effective implementation of environmental plans. The President's visit also aimed at securing financial aid to support Sri Lanka's struggling economy.

Sri Lanka aims to leverage climate change as an opportunity to develop low-carbon technologies and economic growth, with President Ranil Wickremesinghe set to launch the Climate Prosperity Plan at COP27 in Egypt. The country, severely vulnerable to climate impacts, seeks more funds for loss and damage and has signed a cooperation agreement with Japan for low-carbon growth. The establishment of an International University on Climate Change is proposed, supported by the Asian Development Bank. Experts emphasize the need for a clear sustainability strategy and enhanced technical capacity to secure global climate funds.

Sri Lanka's University of Sri Jayewardenepura (USJ) aims to become the country's first carbon-neutral university by calculating and auditing its carbon footprint according to ISO standards. The university's Center for Sustainability leads the project, focusing on reducing emissions and offsetting through reforestation. The initiative involves a carbon management team and student participation, providing valuable experience in sustainable practices. The project has received commendation for its scientific approach and potential impact on national policy.

Sri Lanka is facing a severe economic crisis, leading to skyrocketing food prices and widespread food insecurity. Food inflation has reached 94.9%, with staple foods like rice and chicken becoming unaffordable for many. The crisis has been exacerbated by a ban on agrochemicals, which has led to reduced agricultural yields. A report by the FAO and WFP indicates that a significant portion of the population is not consuming an adequate diet, and many households are adopting coping strategies such as reducing meal sizes or selling assets. The government, along with organizations like the WFP and the Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement, is implementing measures to provide emergency food assistance and promote community resilience. However, the food security situation is expected to worsen in the short term.

The migratory bird season in Kerawalapitiya, near Colombo, has begun with the first-time sighting of a Black-Winged Pratincole, a near-threatened migratory bird. The bird was identified by the Jayathilake family, who are avid bird watchers. This marks the first recorded sighting of this species in the South Asian region. The family also spotted other rare birds, including the Ortolan Bunting and the Eastern Marsh Harrier. Kerawalapitiya, a popular birding spot, attracts many rare migratory birds due to its location on the Western Flyway and proximity to a garbage processing plant that attracts insectivorous birds.

The migratory bird season in Kerawalapitiya, near Colombo, Sri Lanka, has begun with the first-time sighting of a Black-Winged Pratincole, a near-threatened migratory bird. The bird was identified by Malika Jayathilake and his sons, who are avid birders. This is the first recorded sighting of this species in South Asia. The Jayathilake family also spotted other rare birds, including the Ortolan Bunting and the Eastern Marsh Harrier. Kerawalapitiya, a popular birding spot, attracts many rare migratory birds due to its location on the Western Flyway and proximity to a garbage processing plant that attracts insectivorous birds.

The Young Zoologists’ Association (YZA) celebrates its 50th anniversary with an exhibition featuring over 200 wildlife art and photography pieces by its members. Established in 1972 by conservationist Lyn de Alwis, YZA has been a pioneer in environmental education for Sri Lankan youth. The organization, which meets weekly at the Dehiwala Zoological Garden, has expanded with new branches at Pinnawala and Ridiyagama Safari Park. Current President Hasantha Wijethunga highlights YZA's role in nurturing future environmental scientists and conservationists.

Fishing gear in Sri Lankan waters continues to endanger marine turtles, with gill nets posing the highest risk. While some injured turtles are rescued and treated, many suffer severe injuries or death. A study found that most entanglements are accidental, and the sale of turtle meat has decreased due to legal repercussions. In contrast, the Maldives has a successful turtle rehabilitation program, MarineSavers, which has treated over 450 turtles since 2010. Efforts are being made to reduce bycatch, including testing green LED lights on gill nets, which have shown promising results in reducing turtle entanglements.

A study by Wayamba University in Sri Lanka has filled a century-long gap in jellyfish research by identifying at least 10 new species in Sri Lankan waters, including Carybdea wayamba, a species new to science. Initiated in 2017, the Waya-jel-Survey has expanded the known jellyfish species in the region to about 150. The research, supported by the National Science Foundation, has also documented hazardous species affecting fishing and tourism. The findings underscore the importance of systematic research for conservation and potential economic benefits, such as the sustainable export of edible jellyfish species.

A new bat species, Miniopterus phillipsi, has been discovered in Sri Lanka and India, named in honor of British naturalist W.W.A. Phillips. The species was previously misidentified as the Eastern bent-winged bat but is smaller in size. The discovery, led by Tharaka Kusuminda, a PhD candidate at the University of Ruhuna, does not change the total number of bat species in Sri Lanka, which remains at 31. The research, involving DNA barcoding, highlights the cryptic diversity in bats and the need for modern techniques to explore this diversity. The findings were reported in the journal Acta Chiropterologica.

Sri Lanka has received a third interim payment of $2.5 million for damages from the sinking of the X-Press Pearl, bringing the total compensation to $7.85 million. The disaster caused significant environmental damage and affected local fishing communities. Legal experts estimate that Sri Lanka could secure $5-7 billion in compensation. Environmentalists are pushing for further action, and the MEPA is preparing a strong case for international litigation. Another compensation case involves the New Diamond tanker, with a claim for up to $44 million filed by the Attorney General's Department. Salvage operations for the X-Press Pearl are ongoing and may take another year.

The article highlights the increasing issue of elephant deaths due to electrocution in Sri Lanka, with 25 elephants killed this year alone. Experts and officials from the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWC) and other organizations discuss the causes, legal implications, and potential solutions to this problem. The article criticizes the government for not implementing a strategic plan to mitigate human-elephant conflict, despite recommendations from a committee set up by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Suggestions include increasing penalties and improving detection and enforcement mechanisms to prevent illegal electrification of fences.

The article highlights the increasing threats to the Sri Lankan leopard due to economic hardships, poaching, and habitat fragmentation. Experts emphasize the need for continuous attention and conservation efforts, including the establishment of a national day for the Sri Lankan leopard. The Wildlife and Nature Protection Society, along with other organizations, is actively involved in monitoring and research initiatives to protect the remaining leopard population. The article also discusses the impact of transferring forest lands to regional administrations and the need for data to mitigate human-leopard conflicts.

Blast fishing, using explosives to catch fish, is threatening Sri Lanka's marine life, particularly in protected areas like Pigeon Island National Park. Despite being illegal and dangerous to both marine ecosystems and humans, the practice persists, exacerbated by the easy access to explosives and political interference. The Sri Lankan Navy and the Department of Wildlife Conservation are working to combat the issue, but their efforts are hampered by the country's severe economic crisis, which limits resources for enforcement and surveillance. The problem has escalated from a conservation issue to a national concern, with calls for stricter vigilance and intelligence gathering to stem the flow of explosives.

Environmental activists played a significant role in the movement that ousted Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Despite initial environmental promises, Rajapaksa's policies led to unsustainable exploitation of resources, including sand mining and deforestation. Resistance movements, such as the 'Stop Ecocide' campaign, emerged in response to these policies. Rajapaksa's administration also faced criticism for ignoring scientific counsel on human-elephant conflict and for a hasty transition to organic agriculture, which contributed to a national food crisis. With Rajapaksa's departure, the interim government faces the challenge of balancing environmental protection with the country's economic and social crises.

Sri Lanka is experiencing a severe economic crisis exacerbated by recent events such as the Easter Sunday bombings, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Ukraine-Russia conflict. The National Science Foundation has assembled a team of experts to propose immediate, short-, and medium-term interventions to rebuild the economy. Key recommendations include adopting evidence-based policy-making, introducing STEAM education in schools, increasing R&D expenditure, and improving governance and productivity. The text emphasizes the importance of science and technology in driving economic development and calls for a coordinated approach to address the crisis.

Gotabaya Rajapaksa's presidency in Sri Lanka, marked by environmental policy failures, led to widespread protests and his eventual resignation. His administration's decisions, such as revoking sand transport permits and transferring forest administration to local authorities, resulted in significant environmental degradation. The sudden ban on chemical fertilizers further exacerbated the situation, leading to a national food crisis. Environmental activists played a crucial role in the protests, highlighting issues like deforestation and wildlife crimes. The interim government faces the challenge of addressing the country's economic and environmental crises.

Sri Lanka's economic crisis has severely impacted its scientific community, leading to a significant exodus of researchers seeking better opportunities abroad. The crisis, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, has led to power cuts, fuel shortages, and skyrocketing living costs. Government funding for research has dried up, and essential lab supplies are hard to procure. Despite the dire situation, some researchers remain optimistic, advocating for better resource sharing and collaboration to navigate the economic hardships.

Sri Lanka is experiencing a significant exodus of scientists and researchers due to the ongoing economic crisis, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The crisis has led to severe shortages in essential supplies, including laboratory consumables and fuel, making it difficult for researchers to continue their work. Government funding for research has been drastically cut, forcing many professionals to seek opportunities abroad. Despite the challenges, some researchers remain optimistic about securing foreign funds and improving collaboration within the scientific community to navigate the economic hardships.

Blast fishing, an illegal practice using explosives to catch fish, is prevalent in Sri Lanka, including within protected marine parks and historical shipwreck sites. This practice not only threatens marine life and habitats but also poses national security concerns and risks to the dive tourism industry. Despite efforts by the Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Sri Lankan Navy to combat blast fishing, challenges such as well-coordinated networks of fishers, the easy availability of explosives, and the current economic crisis hinder effective enforcement. Experts call for increased vigilance and intelligence gathering to address the issue, which has escalated beyond a conservation problem to a matter of national concern.

Blast fishing, using explosives to catch fish, is threatening marine life and habitats around Sri Lanka, including Pigeon Island National Park. The practice damages coral reefs and could harm the marine tourism industry. Explosives are regulated by the Sri Lankan Navy but are either leaked or smuggled from India. Despite crackdowns, the economic crisis has limited enforcement efforts. Local fishers in Mannar are identified as primary culprits, with political intervention often hindering law enforcement. A global review suggests that access to explosives and the prospect of increased catches are bigger drivers of blast fishing than poverty.

The pheasant-tailed jacana, a waterbird in Sri Lanka, exhibits unique parenting roles where males primarily incubate eggs and care for the young, while females defend the nest and chicks from predators. This behavior was observed in a study at Anawilundawa Sanctuary, revealing that female jacanas play a significant role in aerial defense against threats. The study highlights the polyandrous breeding system of jacanas, where each female maintains a harem of males, each responsible for a clutch of eggs. This strategy may be an adaptation to the high mortality rates in their open wetland habitats, ensuring higher survival rates for the species.

The article discusses the importance of ocean conservation and the role of oceans in human lives, highlighting the biodiversity within ocean ecosystems and the threats they face. It features insights from various experts and advocates, including a young marine biologist, Alosha Samaraarachchi, and representatives from the Blue Resources Trust and the Australian High Commission in Sri Lanka. The event 'Know Our Oceans' emphasized the need for marine conservation, showcased the state of coral reefs, and discussed the legal rights of natural ecosystems. The involvement of local communities, particularly women in the fisheries sector, was also highlighted.

Sri Lanka's 6th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity provides a comprehensive overview of the country's biodiversity and the threats it faces. The report, compiled by over 100 experts, updates species diversity and identifies critical landscapes for conservation. Six major threats are highlighted: river diversion, habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. The report calls for a paradigm shift in conservation strategies, emphasizing habitat-level conservation and the need for international funding without harmful conditions. The economic crisis in Sri Lanka poses additional challenges to biodiversity conservation efforts.

The giant honeybees at the Sigiriya rock fortress in Sri Lanka have been attacking tourists, with various theories proposed to explain their aggression. Wasantha Punchihewa, a bee expert, suggests that the lack of toilet facilities at the site leads visitors to urinate in areas where bees congregate, disturbing them and triggering attacks. He advocates for the installation of toilets to mitigate the problem. Past attempts to remove the bee colonies have failed, and Punchihewa emphasizes the importance of coexisting with bees, which are crucial pollinators for both wild plants and agricultural crops.

Fishermen in Mirissa, Sri Lanka, caught an 800kg giant manta ray, which they sold for Rs 170,000. Experts, including Daniel Fernando from Blue Resources Trust, argue that manta rays are more valuable alive due to their significant role in marine tourism, particularly in the Maldives. Manta rays, categorized as endangered in 2020, face threats from overfishing and demand for their gill plates in traditional Chinese medicine. Conservationists emphasize the need for greater attention to the plight of ocean creatures like manta rays, similar to the concern shown for terrestrial endangered species.

Fishermen from Mirissa caught an 800kg giant manta ray, which was sold for Rs 170,000. Experts, including Daniel Fernando from Blue Resources Trust, argue that manta rays are more valuable alive due to their significant role in marine tourism and their endangered status. Manta rays, which can grow up to 7 meters and weigh 3,000 kg, are crucial for marine ecosystems but face threats from overfishing and demand for their gill plates in traditional Chinese medicine. The article highlights the need for greater conservation efforts for marine species, similar to those for terrestrial endangered animals like elephants and leopards.

Sri Lanka's severe economic crisis is impacting the country's environment and conservation efforts, with fuel shortages forcing the Department of Wildlife Conservation to scale back patrols. The crisis, attributed to government corruption and mismanagement, threatens to increase illegal activities such as poaching and deforestation. Experts fear that environmental safeguards and research will be neglected, undermining Sri Lanka's environmental gains and international commitments. Opportunities for improvement through blue and green bonds are suggested amidst the challenges.

A five-year-old orangutan named Richie drowned in the moat of its den at Dehiwala Zoo, Sri Lanka, after being left unsupervised. The incident follows the death of its mother in December. The zoo's director general, Dr. Thilak Premakantha, has initiated an investigation, resulting in the interdiction of a zookeeper and the transfer of curators. Animal welfare activists criticize the zoo's management, alleging negligence and corruption. The zoo has a history of receiving orangutans from Indonesia's Ragunan Zoo and has recorded four births since the 1970s.

Sri Lanka's severe economic crisis is significantly impacting environmental conservation efforts. The Department of Wildlife Conservation is struggling with fuel shortages, leading to reduced patrols and increased illegal activities. Experts express concerns about the long-term effects on environmental safeguards, with potential increases in poaching, deforestation, and land grabs. The crisis is also expected to undermine previous environmental gains and shift priorities away from conservation. Some suggest financial solutions like blue and green bonds to support conservation amidst the economic turmoil.

Researchers are using lichens to study the impact of nitrogen pollution in Sri Lanka, focusing on an experimental plot in the Rilagala Forest Reserve. The project, led by experts from the Natural History Museum of London and the U.K. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, aims to understand the effects of ammonia deposition on forest ecosystems. The study will monitor various climate parameters and identify sensitive lichen species to use as bioindicators. The findings will contribute to global research on nitrogen pollution, which poses significant environmental and health risks.

Despite economic hardships, fuel shortages, and power cuts, the blooming of pigeon orchids (Dendrobium crumenatum) in Sri Lanka brings a fragrant respite. These orchids, which bloom simultaneously in response to temperature fluctuations, have been observed blooming in Southern and Central Sri Lanka. Dr. Siril Wijesundara, a botanist, explains that this phenomenon is triggered by significant day and night temperature differences, often following heavy rainfall. The pigeon orchid, an exotic plant introduced to Sri Lanka, is native to several Asian regions and was once a popular garden plant. However, shrinking garden spaces have made it less common. Another exotic orchid, the Vanda Miss Joaquim, also known as the Singapore orchid, has similarly lost popularity in Sri Lanka.

Travel bloggers Paulmathi Vinod and Vinod Sadasivan witnessed thousands of crimson rose butterflies at Dhanushkodi Beach, India, which then flew towards the sea, possibly towards Sri Lanka's Mannar Island. Butterfly enthusiast Lahiru Walpita in Sri Lanka observed a similar phenomenon in October with large swarms of crimson roses. These butterflies, part of the swallowtail family, are known for their toxic nature and migration patterns. The recent migration could be triggered by post-dry spell rains in southern India, but more research is needed to understand the full behavior. Historical records and recent observations suggest that these migrations are influenced by monsoonal winds. Conservationists like Himesh Jayasinghe emphasize the need for detailed studies and citizen science contributions to unravel the migration mystery of the crimson rose, which has been known to undertake sea-crossing journeys since the early 20th century.