The article reports on the recent influx of Ethiopian refugees into Sudan due to the conflict in Ethiopia's Tigray region spreading to the Amhara region. Sudanese authorities have registered over a thousand new asylum seekers, with Alfatih Mogadam, head of the Al-Qadarif Emergency Committee, calling for government and aid intervention due to the camps' struggle to accommodate the new arrivals. The conflict between the Ethiopian federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front has created a humanitarian crisis, with millions in need of food aid. Analyst Ahmed Abdelghani expresses concerns over potential tensions between Amharan and Tigrayan refugees. The situation also exacerbates the strained relations between Sudan and Ethiopia, partly due to disputes over the GERD dam on the Nile River.

Egypt and Sudan have called on the U.N. Security Council to intervene in their dispute with Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile River. Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry and Sudan's Foreign Minister Mariam al-Mahdi expressed the need for a peaceful resolution and a legally binding agreement on the dam's operation. Ethiopia, which has begun the second phase of filling the dam, argues that the dam is a crucial hydropower project for its development and that the African Union should mediate the dispute. After a decade of negotiations, no agreement has been reached, and while the U.S. and Russia have suggested support for African Union-led negotiations, Egypt and Sudan are pushing for a U.N. Security Council resolution to halt the dam's filling and mandate negotiations.

Protests erupted in Khartoum, Sudan, following the government's decision to lift all subsidies on gasoline and diesel, leading to significant fuel price increases. Finance Minister Jibril Ibrahim announced that fuel prices would now reflect import costs, taxes, and profit margins, resulting in gasoline prices doubling and diesel prices more than doubling. The move is part of Sudan's financial reforms under the International Monetary Fund's oversight, aimed at revitalizing the economy and attracting foreign investment. However, citizens like freelance reporter Amira Saleh and electronic technician Amu Adil expressed concerns over the impact on living costs and the burden on ordinary Sudanese. Student Hajir al-Sir al-Awad criticized the timing of the subsidy removal given the country's economic challenges. The government will maintain subsidies on cooking gas, furnace oil, and wheat, despite frequent shortages.

On the second anniversary of the Sudanese military's crackdown on pro-democracy protests, civilians rallied in Khartoum demanding justice for the victims. The crackdown, which occurred after the ousting of President Omar al-Bashir, resulted in at least 120 deaths. Civilians expressed dissatisfaction with the transitional government's actions, or lack thereof, regarding compensation and justice. Waleed Ihab and Zainab Abdeen, who were directly affected by the violence, voiced their grievances and the possibility of seeking international intervention. Nabil Adeeb, leading an investigative panel, cited a lack of resources as a hindrance to the investigation's progress. Freedom House, a Washington-based think tank, expressed solidarity with the victims and urged for a prompt investigation conclusion. The military's non-cooperation was highlighted as a significant obstacle to justice, with General Abdel-Fattah Burhan and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo being named responsible for the security sector during the attack.

The article reports on the acute hunger crisis in Sudan, where 21% of the population is facing acute hunger and will require emergency assistance. Contributing factors include hyperinflation, floods, locust infestations, and COVID-19 restrictions leading to job losses. A survey by the Sudanese government, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Food Program indicates that 9.8 million people are unable to feed themselves. The WFP plans to provide food assistance to 9.3 million vulnerable people but faces a funding shortfall of $48 million. Marianne Ward, WFP’s deputy country director operations in Sudan, highlights the expansion of school feeding programs and nutrition centers, even in the capital, Khartoum, due to the severity of the crisis. The cost of hunger to Sudan's economy is estimated at $2 billion annually.

In Sudan's capital, thousands of protesters demanded justice for a 2019 massacre in Khartoum where over 100 people were killed by the Rapid Support Forces during a sit-in. The government, led by Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, has been criticized for the slow investigation into the incident. Hamdok cited a complex relationship with security agencies as a reason for the delay. Political analysts Shawgi Abdulazeem and Abbas Mohamed commented on the increasing tensions and the potential impact on Sudan's democratic transition. The Rapid Support Forces, which emerged during the Darfur war and have been involved in other regional conflicts, reached a power-sharing agreement after the ousting of Omar al-Bashir in 2019. Human Rights Watch has accused the forces of abuses, and the U.S. has urged Sudan to consolidate armed entities under a civilian-led government. The Sudanese public prosecutor resigned recently, and the prime minister has requested a deadline for the investigation's findings, with protesters threatening to escalate their actions if delayed.

The article discusses the critical shortage of COVID-19 vaccines in the Asia-Pacific region, which is endangering the lives of refugees and asylum seekers. Despite countries pledging to include these groups in vaccination programs, the scarcity of vaccines means they are often the last to receive them. The World Health Organization has reported a significant increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths in the region. The UNHCR highlights the vulnerability of refugees in crowded camps, such as the Rohingya in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The article also mentions the strain on health systems and the need for more vaccines, with the UNHCR calling for equitable vaccine access through donations to COVAX from wealthier nations.

ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda is in Sudan's Darfur region to urge the transitional government to surrender suspects wanted for war crimes and genocide. Among the wanted is former President Omar al-Bashir, who is already imprisoned in Khartoum. The Darfur conflict began in 2003 with an insurgency by ethnic central and sub-Saharan African communities, leading to a brutal government response. The ICC has charged al-Bashir and others with war crimes and genocide. Sudanese prosecutors have also begun their own investigation into the conflict. The transitional government has indicated that suspects, including al-Bashir, may be tried before the ICC, but the trial location is subject to negotiation.

On the two-year anniversary of the protest that initiated the Sudanese revolution, two protesters were killed and 16 others injured by the Sudanese army in Khartoum. The Sudanese Professionals Association criticized the attack, and Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok has called for an investigation. The Sudanese Medical Doctors Association confirmed the casualties, with Dr. Waliddeen Al Fekki reporting that some of the wounded are in critical condition. Members of the Abu Adam resistance committee and the Umma National Party expressed concerns about the fragile state of the civilian-military partnership in the government and the need for a justice commission. An emergency meeting led by Hamdok resulted in a call for justice for the victims. This incident recalls a 2019 raid by security forces that resulted in numerous deaths, for which no one has been held accountable.

Sudanese authorities are investigating top military officials, including General Abdelfatah al-Burhan and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, for their roles in the June 2019 crackdown on pro-democracy protesters that resulted in over 120 deaths. A special committee, led by Nabeel Adeeb, has gathered testimony from 3,000 witnesses. Despite the ongoing investigations, there is skepticism among rights defenders and victims' relatives about the likelihood of the generals facing justice. The Families of the December Revolution Victims have sought the International Criminal Court's involvement, citing the local justice system's inadequacies. A recent attempt by victims' families to gather in protest was thwarted by the military's use of barricades and heavy vehicles.