The article delves into the Armenian Revolutionary Federation's photo archives, focusing on the Gougounian Expedition led by Sarkis Gougounian in the late 19th century. It highlights the historical context of the expedition, its participants, and the challenges they faced, including their eventual capture and exile. The narrative reflects on the significance of these historical photographs and the enduring legacy of the Armenian nationalist movement.

The article delves into the history of the Armenian Legion of 1916-1920, highlighting the role of its volunteers, known as gamavors, during the First World War. It recounts their contributions to battles such as the Battle of Arara and their impact on the outcomes, including the capture of Jerusalem. The piece reflects on the personal stories of these legionnaires, such as Bedros, and their journeys from places like Evereg to the United States. The article also explores the efforts of researchers in deciphering Armenian handwriting from the ARF photo archives to uncover historical details, such as the training location 'Monarga'. Despite the Armenian Legion's lack of a 'happy ending' and the short-lived independence of Armenia, the article emphasizes the enduring spirit of these soldiers and suggests they deserve more recognition.

The ARF photo archives reveal the interconnected history of Armenians with their neighbors, including Turks and Kurds. The collection includes images of Turkish military personnel, Kurdish themes, and significant uprisings like the Ararat Rebellion. Notable figures such as Mustafa Vefa Bey, Ardashes Mouradian, and Sheikh Mahmoud Barzanji are featured, highlighting the complex socio-political landscape of the early 20th century.

The article delves into the ARF photo archives, highlighting the lack of information on many items and the dominance of men in the images. It presents solemn reminders of Armenian history, focusing on the lives of orphans who moved from Armenia to Iran in 1932, centenarians from Sweida, and genocide survivors in Iraq and Italy. The narrative underscores the disruption faced by Armenians in the early 20th century and the resilience of Armenian communities, emphasizing the importance of preserving cultural heritage through photographs.

Azerbaijan's use of force in Nagorno-Karabakh is criticized for undermining key international norms and signaling to dictators that might makes right. The violence has led to thousands fleeing the Armenian-populated enclave, with significant anger directed at Washington and the international community for their perceived lack of action.

Samantha Power, the U.S.'s top humanitarian aid representative, encountered frustration during her fact-finding mission to the Armenian-populated enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, where violence has escalated due to Azerbaijani forces' 'anti-terror' operations. The conflict has led to concerns of genocide and ethnic cleansing against Armenians by Azerbaijan. International efforts to resolve the conflict, including those by the U.S., Russia, and the EU, emphasize nonuse of force, but recent actions by Azerbaijan challenge this principle and international norms. The situation is complicated by geopolitical factors, including Azerbaijan's alliances and Russia's preoccupation with Ukraine.

The article discusses the recent escalation of violence in Nagorno-Karabakh, highlighting the humanitarian crisis and the perceived inaction of the international community. It criticizes Azerbaijan's use of force and the potential erosion of international norms against the use of force. The article also touches on the geopolitical complexities involving Russia, the United States, and other regional players, and raises concerns about the implications for global authoritarianism.

The article discusses the resurgence of violence in Nagorno-Karabakh on September 19, 2023, with Azerbaijani forces shelling the region, leading to casualties and property damage. This escalation follows a history of tensions and minor conflicts since the end of the Second Karabakh War, which concluded with a Moscow-brokered trilateral agreement in November 2020. Despite the presence of Russian peacekeepers, incidents including kidnappings and blockades by Azerbaijani forces have persisted. The article mentions the International Criminal Court's founding chief prosecutor characterizing the blockade's potential consequences as 'genocidal.' The piece also touches on the differing interpretations of the 2020 ceasefire agreement by Azerbaijan and Armenia and the ineffective role of international negotiations in resolving the ongoing disputes.